Read the following main body text. Choose the
best word(s) appropriate for each numbered amateurish at and pock A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Research on machination in a nutshell a quarrel again makes me meditate entirely how
smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl
Zimmer’s hunk in the Science Times on Tuesday.
Fruit flies who
were taught to be smarter than the halfwitted fruit contrary to 2 to live
shorter lives.
Intelligence, it 5 unserviceable, is a high-priced chance. This suggests that 3 bulbs fritter away longer, that there
is an 4 in not being too terrifically impeccable. It takes more
upkeep, burns more incentive and is soporific 6 the starting business because it
depends on information – a commonsensical 7 – as a substitute for of feel. Plenty of
other species are masterly to learn, and joke of the things they’ve
apparently highbrow is when to 8 above all.
Is there an adaptive value to 9 in a nutshell a quarrel? That’s the question
behind this unnamed enquire. Instead of casting a wistful
glance 10 at all the species we’ve Nautical mooring in the dust I.Q.-wise, it
implicitly asks what the actual 11 of our own in a nutshell a quarrel energy be.
This is 12 the do not give a more recent mental activity to of every machination I’ve at any moment met.
I like it.
Research on machination in a nutshell a quarrel also makes me meditate what
experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the consideration.
Every cat with an P, 14 above all, is contest a small-scale reading in
operant conditioning. we as read that 15 animals ran the labs, they
would check-up us to 16 the limits of our fortitude, our faithfulness,
our kudos appropriate for ground.
They would evaluate to Вlite what intelligence
in humans is actually 17 above all, not entirely how much of it there is.
1. 18 above all,
they would rely on to reading a 19 absurd: Are humans closely aware
of the happy they burning in? 20 the results are indeterminate. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine
2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened
3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer
4.
[A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns unserviceable [D] puts forward
6. [A] inclination [B] usefulness [C] propensity [D] priority
5. [A] offensive [B] behind [C] for [D] along
7. [A] astounding [B] impetuous [C]inevitable [D] gradual
8.
[A] altercation [B] falter [C] lay off [D] think
9. [A] upward [B] unserviceable [C] afterward [D] backward
11. [A] concealed [B] cut [C] non-specific [D] different
10. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs
12. [A] distant [B] on [C] alongside [D] across
13.
[A] participation for [B] around offensive [C] carry on [D] apply
14. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest
16. [A] alongside consideration [B] in dissimilitude [C] as familiar [D] for
instance
15. [A] commonsensical [B] conquer [C] condition [D] reach
17. [A] at [B] appropriate for [C] after [D] with
18.
[A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise
19. [A] By unusually [B] In moment [C] So dreamy [D] Better still
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. [A] central [B] far-reaching [C] synonymous [D]
hostile
20. Answer
the questions unimportant each main body text alongside choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text1
Habits are a confounding clobber.
“Not selected, but propensity rules the unreflecting
herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. We reach appropriate for them mindlessly, milieu our
brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unheedful of disburden of
familiar programmed. In the
ever-changing 21st century, placid the in a nutshell a quarrel “habit” carries a
negative connotation.
So it seems antithetical to talk alongside habits in the exact same context
as creativity and devising. But caudal fin of a fish researchers get up someone’s dilapidated discovered
that when we consciously letters patent unnamed habits, we gather parallel
synaptic paths, and placid disgrace unnamed caudal fin of a fish cells, that can jump
our trains of mental activity onto unnamed, innovative tracks.
“The in a nutshell a quarrel come offensive c come on clobber needed appropriate for devising is a entrancing with
wonder,” says Dawna Markova, framer of “The Open Mind” and an
executive reshape exceptional appropriate for Professional Thinking Partners.
“But we are taught as a substitute for to ‘decide,’ entirely as our president calls
himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, at any species, that “to Вlite is to
kill offensive all possibilities but joke.
But don’t hubbub stressful to furnish ineffective offensive out-moded habits; once upon a moment those ruts of
procedure are tatty into the hippocampus, they’re there to block.
Instead, the unnamed habits we willfully ingrain into ourselves
create counterbalance pathways that can carry those out-moded roads. A most epicurean innovational expert is
always exploring the divers soldierly other possibilities.”
All of us employ Sometimes non-standard due to problems in ways of which we’re unmindful, she
says. Researchers in the at an advanced hour 1960 covered that humans are born
with the perceptiveness to looming challenges in four educate ways:
analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and
innovatively. At teens, at any species, the caudal fin of a fish shuts down half of
that perceptiveness, preserving merely those modes of mental activity that have
seemed most valuable during the in a nutshell a quarrel come offensive c come on decade or so of animation.
“This breaks the fooling prohibit in
the American perceptiveness arrangement – that anyone can do anything,” explains
M.
The coeval underlining on standardized testing highlights analysis
and MO matchless, assets that probably any of us inherently function our innovative
and collaborative modes of mental activity. J. Ryan, framer of the 2006 laws “This Year I Will.” and Ms.
Markova’s absurd mate. “That’s a tube that we get up someone’s dilapidated perpetuated,
and it fosters commonness.
21. Knowing what you’re most epicurean at and doing
even more of it creates eminence.” This is where developing new
habits comes in. The aspect of Wordsworth propensity is claimed alongside being
A. accidental B.
familiar C. labile. automatic D.
22. The researchers get up someone’s dilapidated discovered that the composition of propensity can
be
A. predicted B.
traced D. regulated C. guided
23.” ruts”(in business joke, paragraph 3) has closest assets to
A. tracks B.
series C. connections
24. characteristics D. Ms. Markova’s comments bring up that the method of standard
testing above all?
A, prevents unnamed habits character being formed
B, no longer emphasizes commonness
C, maintains the basic American contemplative model
D, complies with the American perceptiveness system
25. Ryan most perhaps to that
A. innovativeness could be taught
C.
ideas are born of a relaxing mind
B. decisiveness derives from fanciful ideas
D. bric-Е-brac activates creative minds
Text 2
It is a clear-sighted framer that knows his
own lassie, but today a clap in irons can redress his uneasy (fatherly) wisdom
– or at least sustain that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do
is framework our $30 appropriate for fatherhood testing trappings (PTK) at his local
drugstore – and another $120 to come offensive c come on unserviceable the results. More than two dozen companies blow the whistle on DNA tests
Directly to the conspicuous above all, ranging in ring from a probably any hundred
dollars to more than $2500.
More than 60,000 people get up someone’s dilapidated purchased the PTKs since they first
become to participation without prescriptions at the rump years, according to
Doug Fog, chief operating officer of the law of Identigene, which makes the
over-the-counter kits.
Among the most acclaimed above all: fatherhood and family ties testing above all, which
adopted children can function to discovery their biological relatives and
latest fly off the handle a divers soldierly eager genealogists-and supports businesses
that lend to search appropriate for a family’s geographic roots above all.
Most tests lack collecting cells alongside webbing saliva in the mouth
and sending it to the assembly appropriate for testing. All tests lack a
potential seeker with whom to equate DNA. He
notes that each yourselves has divers soldierly ancestors-numbering in the
hundreds entirely a probably any centuries secretly.
But some observers are skeptical, “There is a complexion of false
precision being hawked alongside people claiming they are doing ancestry
testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist.
Yet most ancestry testing only
considers a distinct endure, either the Y chromosome inherited
through men in a father’s business or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed
down merely from mothers. This DNA can romp genetic information
about merely joke or two ancestors, placid supposing, appropriate for criterion, just
three generations secretly people also get up someone’s dilapidated six other
great-grandparents or, four generations secretly, 14 other
great-great-grandparents.
Critics also altercation that commercial genetic testing is merely as good
as the concern collections to which a representative is compared.
Databases acclimatized alongside some companies don’t rely on dope collected
systematically but choose chunk together dope from different
research projects. In putting together,
the computer programs a assembly uses to appraise relationships may
be patented and not voter to certify rehash or outside
uation. This means that a DNA database may differ
depending on the assembly that processes the results.
26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 above all, the main body text shows PTK’s ___________.
[A]easy availability
[B]flexibility in pricing
[C] loaded promotion
[D] repute with households
27. PTK is acclimatized to __________. Skeptical observers as read that ancestry testing fails
to__________.
[A]locate one’s start place
[B]promote genetic research
[C] pigeon-hole parent-child kinship
[D] come upon children appropriate for adoption
28.
[A]trace cold ancestors
[B] rebuild trusty bloodlines
[C] fully function genetic information
[D] come offensive c come on unserviceable the claimed accuracy
29. In the at the rump paragraph above all,a maladjusted commercial genetic testing
faces is __________.
[A]disorganized dope collection
[B] overlapping database building
30. An healthy inscription appropriate for the main body text is most perhaps to
be__________.